How can memory be a way of knowing

Fraudulent Behaviour Sometimes the updating of shared memory does not occur as the result of ongoing research, but rather due to a sudden discovery that something we have confidence in turns out to be wrong. Lost Knowledge Once no one living remembers a particular experience that was never written down or otherwise recorded that knowledge is forgotten to the culture as well as to the individual.

Now, as a closure.. Paladin Siller. Karen Kenneth Bonotan. Izzat Microvise. Passmore Dube. Emanuela Georgiana Petcu. Chryz Santos. Pahulpreet Singh. Adriana Hikawczuk. Aleksandra Vujovic. Nik Ahmad Shauqi II. Kyle Lee Uy. Eszter Szerencsi. Popular in Epistemology. Jhon Aliangan Mayuyo. Miroslav Pulgar Corrotea. Peiwen Chok. Eduardo Remodo Servillon. Lely Rini. Jorge Prado Carvajal. MaryBeth Lynn. Indira Montoya. Danica Concepcion. For me, my definition for a memory is a recollection of past events in which we can recall the actions we did or had occurred in the past and the emotions we had felt and experienced at that time.

So if memory is like a pathway that travel backwards through time to recall the experiences we have been through and skills that we have learnt in the past, then does this mean it can be counted as a WOK?

Surely, it may seem at first that memory can be seen as a WOK as we are able to acknowledge and interact with the world around us through recalling the basic skills we have learnt when we were younger. However, I believe that memory is not a direct WOK itself as memories are constructed over time through the use of other WOKs such as sense perception and emotion.

Therefore I think that memory can be seen as a storage space in our brains where we store the knowledge we have acquired from other WOKs and that we are able to recall them back when required.

Another common flaw with memories is we may have different variations of the same memory as one person may had perceived an event differently in the past to how someone else has remembered it. Reason involves taking the knowledge we already have and then synthesizing it into new knowledge. You are using the knowledge that there are no clouds to reason that it is not raining.

So you use new knowledge to assimilate other knowledge pieces. Imagination occurs when we form new ideas, concepts, or images that are not present in our real world. It is extremely crucial in the creation of new knowledge.

Take enterprises, for example. They create products by first imagining them before later bringing them to the real world. One crucial limitation to imagination as a way of knowing is that our extent of imagining things is restricted by the real-world experiences. For example, you cannot imagine how life would have panned out for someone who grew up under different circumstances than yours. Intuition comes about when a person has a gut feeling. For instance, an experienced doctor can give an accurate diagnosis with less information than an inexperienced doctor would need.

This is because they can see subtle clues that are invisible to others. Intuition has a limitation in that it cannot make highly precise predictions. Therefore, very few people can give reliable knowledge by using intuition. It is often confusing for students to understand how memory is a method of developing new knowledge. After all, remembering something is just recalling old knowledge from ideas or experiences. But to form new knowledge, we often have to use concepts from our memory!

The opposite view is therefore that of the social constructionists, who argue that emotions depend on a social consciousness, and have no natural basis at all. For example, emotions such as shame seem to presuppose a notion of right and wrong. Emotion has sometimes been regarded as an unreliable way of knowing.

Emotions have, for example, been criticized as being irrational obstacles to knowledge that distort our picture of reality. However, others believe that not only do emotions help make sense of social and cultural experiences and behaviours, but they are also the source of social, ethical and political knowledge by helping us form an understanding of the world around us.

What is the difference between reason and logic? How reliable is inductive reasoning? Are we predictably irrational? Reason allows us to go beyond the immediate experience of our senses. It is closely linked to logic—the deducing of valid conclusions from given starting points or premises. Human reasoning can also be inferential in nature, allowing conclusions to be drawn that cannot be strictly deduced from their premises.

It then becomes an interesting question of whether standards of rationality and norms of reasoning are grounded in culture. Areas of knowledge might set their own requirements for the types of reasoning that are accepted. Inductive reasoning is the process of supporting general statements by a series of particular ones—the reverse of deductive reasoning which tends to proceed from the general to the particular. Inductive reasoning is by its nature inferential.

This is of importance in the natural sciences but also in human sciences such as psychology and economics. What is the role of imagination in producing knowledge about a real world?

Can imagination reveal truths that reality hides? What is the role of the imagination in understanding others? Imagination is often identified in a narrow sense as the capacity to form a mental representation of something without the stimulus of sense experience. Traditionally, imagination has been associated with imagery and making a mental image of something.

The importance and power of the imagination is highlighted by a number of medical conditions which impact upon it, for example, conditions which can impair imagination such as severe autism, or conditions which can cause delusions such as severe schizophrenia.

Imagination is sometimes viewed in a broader way as being associated with creativity, problem-solving and originality. Here it might be the making of connections between otherwise disparate ideas in order to solve problems. This might be useful in model making or theory creation in the sciences and solving structural problems in the arts. Imagination is, however, also sometimes distrusted, in part because it is regarded as something that is derived in the mind of the individual and therefore subjective.

Imagination is also sometimes associated with possibility, in that it can be argued that only things which are possible can be imagined.